High-performance artificial muscles made from pure conductive polymer fibers

Artificial muscles hold the promise of revolutionizing fields ranging from robotics and prosthetics to biomedical devices. These lightweight, flexible materials can mimic the behavior of natural muscles, exhibiting high efficiency and rapid responsiveness. However, despite significant advancements in recent years, the widespread adoption of artificial muscles has been hindered by limitations such as low strain, low power density, and high manufacturing costs.