3D-printed microstructures for precise, pump-free liquid flow in microfluidic systems

The control of fluids at microscopic scales is fundamental to numerous technologies, from medical diagnostics to water purification. Traditionally, moving small volumes of liquid has relied on mechanical pumps or electrical fields, methods that add complexity, consume energy, and can interfere with sensitive samples. These limitations have long constrained the development of more efficient and versatile microfluidic systems.