Nanoscale fuller-dome aerogels enable new class of thermal insulating materials

Cold weather protection represents a fundamental challenge at the intersection of physics and human comfort. Heat naturally flows from warm to cold areas. Blocking this flow requires creating barriers at the microscopic level, where heat transfer occurs. Traditional insulating materials like wool, synthetic fabrics, and down feathers rely on trapping air between relatively large fibers. This approach demands either substantial bulk or expensive specialized materials to achieve effective insulation.