Self-powered biosensor detects and kills bacteria on contact while generating its own energy

Ensuring the safety of drinking water, food supplies, and environmental samples depends on detecting bacterial contamination before it causes harm. Traditional microbiological tests, such as culturing bacteria on plates or using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, often require specialized equipment and take hours or even days to deliver results. In industries where contamination spreads quickly—such as water treatment, food processing, and healthcare—faster detection methods are essential.