Promoting Nanoparticle Delivery at "Cellular Level" to Advance Nanomedicine

Spatiotemporal delivery of nanoparticles at the cellular level is desirable in nanomedicine to deliver a maximum cytotoxic drug into cancer cells via the accumulation of the nanoparticles in tumors. Nevertheless, the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and macrophages in tumor cells reduce the efficiency of nanoparticle delivery in the spatiotemporal region.