Single Fibers and Bundles Inspired by Mammalian Skeletal Muscle

In an article published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology, researchers presented single fibers and bundles with vast and powerful contractive actuation inspired by mammalian skeletal muscle. Future robotics that can replicate complex movements of living systems should include artificial muscles as essential components. However, a precise mix of actuation properties, such as stress, strain, high mechanical strength, and energy density, is needed for their practical applications.