The purpose of this protocol is to understand the propensity of nanomaterials to induce oxidative stress. Induction of oxidative stress is a common toxicity associated with nanoparticles. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its control by antioxidant systems is a part of normal cellular metabolism . However, disturbance of redox homeostasis and accumulation of ROS damages cellular organelles and DNA, eventually leading to cell death. Another consequence of excessive ROS generation is activation of stress-related pathways and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
