USA

Government investment in nanotechnology

Research & development expenditure

Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.

Population

All the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.

Researchers in R&D (per million people)

Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.

Average citation per nano-article

It is the average number of times the nano-articles published within a year have been cited in the Journal Citation Reports.

Five year average citation per nano-article

It is the average number of times the nano-articles published within the past five years have been cited in the Journal Citation Reports.

Five year h-Index of nano-articles

This indicator displays the h-index count and is based on a list of publications published during a 5-year period that ranked in descending order by the Times Cited count.

h-Index of nano-articles

This field displays the h-index count and is based on a list of publications ranked in descending order by the Times Cited count. The h-index is the number of item which is in the h rank of the mentioned ranking and have at least "h" citations. For example, an h-index of 20 means there are 20 items that have 20 citations or more. This metric is useful because it discounts the disproportionate weight of highly cited papers or papers that have not yet been cited.

ISI indexed articles

Number of total ISI indexed articles.

ISI indexed nano-articles

Number of nanotechnology articles indexed in ISI (Web of Science)

Local share in nanoscience

Share of ISI-indexed nano-articles of total ISI-indexed articles of a country

National priority in nanoscience

Ratio of share of nano-articles of a country of total nano-articles to share of articles of the country of total articles in the same period

Number of nano-articles per GDP(ppp)

Number of nano-articles per billion $ GDP(ppp)

Number of nano-articles per Million people

Ratio of nano-articles to country population (per million people)

Share of international collaboration in nanoscience

Share of joint nano-articles between one country and other countries.

Total number of citations to nano-articles

The total number of times all records have been cited: This field displays the total number of citations to all of the nano-articles in the set of search results.

Nanotechnology patents in EPO

The indicator shows the number of nanotechnology granted patents in EPO. According to ISO/TS 18110 (First Edition 2015-08-15), the definition of nanotechnology patents is “patents that include at least one claim related to nanotechnology or patents classified with an IPC classification code related to nanotechnology such as B82.

Nanotechnology patents in German patent office (DPMA)

The indicator shows the number of nanotechnology granted patents in German Patent and Trade Mark Office (DPMA). According to ISO/TS 18110 (First Edition 2015-08-15), the definition of nanotechnology patents is “patents that include at least one claim related to nanotechnology or patents classified with an IPC classification code related to nanotechnology such as B82.

Nanotechnology patents in USPTO

The indicator shows the number of nanotechnology granted patents in USPTO. According to ISO/TS 18110 (First Edition 2015-08-15), the definition of nanotechnology patents is “patents that include at least one claim related to nanotechnology or patents classified with an IPC classification code related to nanotechnology such as B82.

Nanotechnology published patent applications in EPO

The indicator shows the number of nanotechnology patent applications published (but not yet granted) in EPO. According to ISO/TS 18110 (First Edition 2015-08-15), the definition of nanotechnology patents is “patents that include at least one claim related to nanotechnology or patents classified with an IPC classification code related to nanotechnology such as B82.

Nanotechnology published patent applications in German patent office (DPMA)

The indicator shows the number of nanotechnology patents applications published (but not yet granted) in German Patent and Trade Mark Office (DPMA). According to ISO/TS 18110 (First Edition 2015-08-15), the definition of nanotechnology patents is “patents that include at least one claim related to nanotechnology or patents classified with an IPC classification code related to nanotechnology such as B82.

Nanotechnology published patent applications in USPTO

The indicator shows the number of nanotechnology patents applications published (but not yet granted) in USPTO. According to ISO/TS 18110 (First Edition 2015-08-15), the definition of nanotechnology patents is “patents that include at least one claim related to nanotechnology or patents classified with an IPC classification code related to nanotechnology such as B82.

Published patent applications in EPO

The indicator shows the number of patents applications published (but not yet granted) in EPO. According to WIPO, a patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. To get a patent, technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent application.

Published patent applications in USPTO

The indicator shows the number of patents applications published (but not yet granted) in USPTO. According to WIPO, a patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. To get a patent, technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent application.

Ratio of nanotechnology patents to nano-articles

Ratio of nanotechnology patents granted or published in USPTO and EPO per 100 ISI nano-articles published in the same year.

Share of nanotechnology patent applications to total patent applications

The indicator shows the share of nanotechnology published patent applications to total published patent applications registered in either USPTO or EPO.

Share of nanotechnology patents to total patents

The indicator shows the share of nanotechnology patents to total patents registered either in USPTO or EPO.

Total patents in EPO

The indicator shows the number of total granted patents in EPO. According to WIPO, a patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. To get a patent, technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent application.

Total patents in USPTO

The indicator shows the number of total granted patents in USPTO. According to WIPO, a patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention, which is a product or a process that provides, in general, a new way of doing something, or offers a new technical solution to a problem. To get a patent, technical information about the invention must be disclosed to the public in a patent application.

GDP per Capita (ppp)

This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population for the same year.

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Gross domestic product (GDP) refers to the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period.

Gross domestic product (ppp)

The GDP derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a condition between countries where an amount of money has the same purchasing power in different countries.

Number of national nanotechnology standards

Standard is a document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context. National nanotechnology standard is a nanotechnology related standard that is adopted by a national standards body and made available to the public.