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INFO
Indicator : Ratio of nanotechnology patents to nano-articles (Patents per 100 articles)
Description : Ratio of nanotechnology patents granted or published in USPTO and EPO per 100 ISI nano-articles published in the same year.
Source : Web of Science (ISI Web of Knowledge)

Ratio of nanotechnology patents to nano-articles (Patents per 100 articles)

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 [Mar]
1 USA 23.93 41.06 48.40 48.41 43.55 44.43 41.88 42.36 41.29 45.78 42.53 42.91 43.37 48.10 44.76 44.54 45.09 43.58 45.74 46.02 48.09 49.01 55.23 55.36 49.51
2 Taiwan 7.01 14.93 12.61 16.67 20.15 23.04 26.33 22.77 29.62 31.80 29.42 37.13 33.82 38.12 39.31 36.66 34.21 33.42 36.94 32.64 31.45 38.29 43.97 45.80 38.03
3 Japan 11.02 14.57 16.27 17.21 18.00 18.95 18.57 18.31 22.14 27.30 23.84 28.25 26.53 29.36 30.98 28.26 26.77 27.69 28.16 26.29 26.46 29.14 30.27 31.18 28.17
4 South Korea 5.54 10.28 9.84 13.36 19.88 18.07 21.44 19.22 19.36 25.23 22.34 21.71 22.92 25.40 27.09 29.34 30.27 24.98 25.50 25.66 24.34 24.72 28.99 32.31 27.19
5 Luxembourg 100.00 0.00 0.00 266.67 71.43 100.00 120.00 33.33 56.25 18.75 26.19 29.63 28.36 36.54 45.28 34.12 61.54 53.76 45.54 42.11 40.46 45.24 31.97 40.16 25.00
6 Switzerland 6.49 10.98 14.81 13.55 15.98 13.73 17.43 18.08 16.36 18.08 15.19 13.83 14.80 21.26 16.19 16.79 18.99 19.47 18.78 17.77 20.29 20.71 21.13 25.70 22.81
7 Netherlands 4.56 7.69 11.83 12.78 16.42 16.86 17.48 24.43 22.82 27.87 23.15 23.40 19.34 22.18 24.52 17.56 18.91 18.70 17.78 18.46 19.01 16.08 17.75 17.35 16.33
8 Finland 3.82 5.39 4.96 10.14 8.03 6.96 7.71 6.37 9.62 9.48 7.28 11.54 13.04 13.50 11.38 19.43 19.82 15.56 16.95 17.24 16.35 15.80 16.12 19.37 15.54
9 Uruguay 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.29 0.00 0.00 3.03 6.45 6.06 0.00 0.00 2.78 1.72 0.00 1.49 0.00 0.00 5.26 0.00 1.47 14.29
10 Ireland 8.33 8.82 19.05 8.74 14.36 13.43 9.49 17.28 14.43 10.33 9.18 9.40 6.97 11.96 10.31 7.89 8.49 8.24 9.38 12.25 14.16 13.50 14.86 15.01 14.22
11 France 10.20 11.00 13.60 13.72 10.72 10.91 10.85 10.77 11.03 13.38 14.09 11.47 13.40 16.11 15.26 13.72 14.41 16.44 14.53 13.15 12.91 14.37 14.94 14.28 14.17
12 Belgium 4.96 8.52 11.90 12.90 13.78 11.62 10.54 10.49 14.46 13.91 14.20 14.50 11.99 13.51 12.68 10.32 13.23 15.77 14.32 11.27 15.05 11.96 15.96 13.46 13.56
13 Germany 6.21 10.84 14.78 16.32 13.86 15.72 13.82 14.23 14.93 17.24 15.69 14.88 14.26 15.71 14.67 13.57 15.06 14.13 14.45 12.82 12.23 13.03 13.70 14.92 12.15
14 Canada 9.27 13.61 16.27 14.70 11.17 13.20 7.54 10.36 9.05 10.85 11.77 9.82 9.41 10.32 10.22 10.20 9.53 9.65 10.52 10.17 10.70 10.12 11.31 12.62 10.55
World 10.84 17.37 20.22 20.35 18.85 19.28 17.89 17.18 17.16 19.40 17.18 16.95 16.19 17.18 16.20 15.69 15.26 14.31 13.56 13.13 12.60 11.50 12.43 12.49 10.27
15 Qatar 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.43 0.93 1.30 3.57 3.00 2.14 3.39 3.92 4.39 4.53 10.00
16 Costa rica 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 18.18 20.00 10.53 0.00 18.18 8.11 11.43 3.92 2.70 2.27 10.00
17 Austria 4.00 7.14 3.62 7.89 5.63 9.03 10.07 7.37 8.05 8.70 6.80 8.85 7.80 9.08 7.90 6.65 6.79 8.64 11.85 13.19 12.01 7.12 9.26 8.96 8.82
18 Croatia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.33 0.00 0.00 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.68 0.00 0.00 1.18 0.46 0.43 0.00 0.34 0.38 0.83 8.77
19 UK 3.08 6.21 5.89 8.77 7.17 6.68 5.55 5.20 6.47 8.46 9.07 8.06 7.97 9.36 8.45 7.95 8.72 8.46 9.11 8.62 8.39 8.46 9.40 9.94 8.35
20 Sweden 4.52 6.07 7.86 7.07 8.03 8.50 6.21 7.89 9.88 10.26 9.34 10.03 9.51 11.77 9.58 7.93 8.21 7.34 7.56 6.50 7.08 8.00 7.70 8.14 8.15
21 Singapore 1.30 5.76 6.92 3.17 4.61 5.46 5.54 5.46 5.39 5.78 6.26 5.34 7.31 5.70 7.45 7.55 6.85 7.57 8.29 6.52 6.19 6.57 6.11 6.68 6.97
22 Denmark 1.96 8.74 6.53 9.05 10.26 6.59 9.59 11.61 11.31 9.11 8.52 8.08 9.10 6.04 7.33 6.93 5.83 7.19 7.87 6.39 6.22 7.35 7.38 7.53 6.89
23 Estonia 0.00 4.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.44 2.44 0.00 4.69 2.82 2.86 7.00 3.28 2.26 3.68 4.11 5.44 0.68 0.66 5.21 4.37 4.59 3.72 6.82
24 New Zealand 3.64 5.66 6.82 5.97 7.32 5.26 4.50 5.71 3.55 3.39 3.72 4.93 4.17 4.42 5.22 5.00 6.02 2.99 3.23 5.96 2.35 4.50 2.76 6.33 5.93
25 Lithuania 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.64 1.14 0.00 0.00 1.03 1.05 0.75 2.92 0.72 5.42 3.43 4.02 5.38 2.69 0.90 1.92 2.85 2.21 3.41 5.00 4.94
26 Slovenia 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.74 1.15 0.00 1.39 1.27 1.09 0.50 3.45 2.69 1.71 5.17 4.08 1.59 4.81 4.23 1.59 3.66 2.22 3.91 2.89 3.31 4.84
27 UAE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.35 3.23 6.06 4.07 4.00 2.58 1.77 2.41 2.60 2.45 3.18 2.66 3.16 3.47 4.84
28 Saudi Arabia 0.00 16.67 28.57 6.25 0.00 21.05 9.68 2.38 3.01 3.82 4.35 5.86 6.22 5.45 5.42 4.96 9.20 10.42 10.00 7.18 6.34 4.81 5.57 5.70 4.28
29 Italy 3.15 3.56 3.84 4.98 4.76 5.22 4.78 5.39 4.46 5.89 5.56 4.77 4.54 4.96 4.51 4.16 4.47 4.61 4.82 4.94 4.12 3.90 4.61 4.78 4.28
30 Spain 0.60 2.09 1.95 1.36 2.42 2.36 2.84 2.28 2.26 2.83 2.95 3.45 3.66 3.82 3.14 3.64 3.61 4.15 3.51 3.82 3.64 3.75 4.03 4.10
31 Norway 2.56 5.13 14.55 2.53 7.55 5.83 8.86 7.23 5.58 9.23 8.50 10.51 7.19 7.38 7.49 10.56 6.14 8.67 9.36 9.08 5.57 6.89 6.30 6.95 3.91
32 Australia 3.46 3.78 5.29 12.48 5.95 8.23 6.10 5.15 5.12 5.94 4.88 2.80 2.74 2.48 2.31 2.54 2.77 2.74 2.62 2.57 2.79 2.66 3.32 3.60 2.74
33 China 0.15 0.44 0.70 1.06 0.89 1.31 1.04 1.25 1.90 2.13 2.06 2.48 2.65 2.26 2.26 2.26 2.43 2.47 2.37 2.61 2.91 2.62 2.84 3.03 2.49
34 Poland 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.90 0.48 0.53 0.40 0.18 0.79 0.33 0.62 1.31 0.89 1.09 2.03 2.17 2.12 1.62 1.63 1.30 1.36 1.43 1.52 2.02 2.47
35 Kuwait 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.33 0.00 5.26 9.52 0.00 0.00 2.63 1.89 9.86 3.25 0.47 0.52 1.38 0.87 0.23 0.89 2.47
36 Greece 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 1.10 1.25 0.00 0.61 1.61 0.99 2.07 1.39 2.36 1.13 0.76 1.00 1.01 0.54 1.01 1.02 2.02 2.55 1.84 2.73 2.16
37 Portugal 0.00 0.81 0.00 1.06 1.07 0.30 0.00 1.38 1.12 1.78 2.65 1.78 1.77 1.19 1.36 2.16 1.45 1.71 1.81 1.60 2.06 1.98 2.26 1.69 2.06
38 Colombia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.68 1.46 2.38 3.00 3.61 2.17 1.86 1.96 1.35 1.83 1.74 1.69 2.86 2.00
39 Chile 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.95 1.65 1.32 1.89 0.92 1.69 4.15 3.75 1.87 1.99 2.36 3.44 2.40 3.34 3.58 2.91 2.47 1.31
40 Hungary 0.00 1.20 0.49 0.83 0.36 1.13 2.21 1.85 2.02 3.73 3.75 2.53 2.20 3.07 2.08 2.43 1.09 0.84 0.80 0.52 0.62 0.97 0.67 0.79 1.30
41 Brazil 0.00 0.40 0.67 1.30 0.97 0.82 0.95 1.75 2.10 1.27 1.76 1.43 1.60 1.97 1.68 1.19 1.39 1.33 1.34 0.84 1.06 1.01 1.43 1.26 1.24
42 Bulgaria 0.00 1.28 0.00 0.00 1.75 0.87 0.53 0.56 0.49 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.44 0.00 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.00 1.09 0.68 1.28 1.32 1.18
43 South Africa 11.54 16.00 15.38 7.02 8.14 6.80 2.59 3.82 1.01 5.60 4.84 3.15 4.13 3.42 2.35 1.82 1.73 1.54 1.02 1.29 1.11 0.57 0.87 0.99 0.93
44 Czech Republic 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 0.29 0.82 2.49 1.63 3.04 1.77 2.26 1.89 3.51 2.10 2.23 1.67 2.42 1.86 1.41 2.11 1.16 2.31 2.07 0.87
45 Slovakia 0.00 0.00 3.57 1.75 2.08 0.81 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.52 0.30 0.53 0.92 0.64 1.15 1.86 0.84 0.85
46 Mexico 0.00 1.67 1.40 0.00 0.29 0.87 1.03 1.72 1.47 2.52 0.68 2.03 2.73 3.27 2.86 2.20 2.65 1.71 0.77 1.36 0.51 0.65 0.85 0.50 0.69
47 Turkey 0.00 1.10 0.75 0.00 0.00 2.49 1.56 1.98 0.53 0.68 0.81 1.46 1.44 0.91 1.29 2.19 1.55 2.32 1.24 1.38 0.99 0.82 1.22 1.07 0.63
48 Thailand 0.00 9.09 3.13 7.84 2.25 2.74 0.50 0.93 0.87 1.31 0.47 0.61 0.53 0.97 0.62 0.26 0.33 0.59 0.44 0.61 0.44 0.35 0.32 0.41 0.52
49 Ukraine 0.00 1.69 0.68 1.99 0.25 0.00 0.66 1.93 0.21 1.09 1.20 0.49 1.01 0.26 0.14 0.56 0.65 0.37 0.20 0.65 0.77 0.45 0.11 0.44 0.52
50 Argentina 1.09 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.48 0.40 0.65 0.75 1.10 0.72 0.93 0.63 1.14 0.52 1.29 0.44 0.83 0.66 1.72 1.13 0.60 0.93 0.48
51 Azerbaijan 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.77 0.00 3.23 3.57 3.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.46
52 India 1.20 2.65 1.76 2.92 2.81 1.80 2.14 1.50 1.23 1.28 1.32 1.63 1.49 1.39 1.65 1.49 1.29 1.11 0.90 0.75 0.67 0.65 0.54 0.56 0.43
53 Vietnam 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.26 4.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.35 0.00 2.29 0.71 0.34 1.90 0.44 0.00 0.39 0.37 0.25 0.41 0.24 0.56 0.46 0.41
54 Malaysia 0.00 30.43 2.94 5.36 9.62 11.58 12.00 1.94 1.01 0.81 0.78 1.20 0.75 0.82 0.76 1.05 0.40 0.75 0.37 0.42 0.19 0.12 0.23 0.40 0.41
55 Jordan 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.67 1.09 0.00 0.83 2.88 0.51 0.00 0.26 0.36 0.00 0.12 0.41
56 Russia 0.39 0.96 1.21 1.09 0.71 1.59 0.95 1.26 1.20 1.23 1.09 0.97 1.04 1.22 0.71 0.97 0.72 0.34 0.26 0.39 0.49 0.39 0.22 0.12 0.40
57 Iran 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.64 0.00 0.36 1.07 0.97 0.57 0.96 0.87 0.85 0.42 0.38 0.54 0.47 0.43 0.63 0.35 0.46 0.45 0.27 0.13 0.18 0.14
58 Egypt 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.03 0.00 1.88 0.00 0.34 0.28 0.43 0.77 0.70 0.54 1.46 0.47 0.28 0.36 0.17 0.16 0.06 0.13 0.06 0.06 0.06
59 Pakistan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.09 1.68 0.00 1.30 0.59 0.43 0.64 0.22 0.32 0.48 0.10 0.25 0.13 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00
60 Algeria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.69 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
61 Oman 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
62 Lebanon 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.82 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.65 1.92 0.20 0.16 0.00
63 Morocco 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.30 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.05 1.78 1.49 0.27 0.40 0.32 0.13 0.26 0.11 0.00
64 Latvia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.00 3.39 1.35 1.49 0.00 6.48 6.59 4.35 1.16 2.20 0.82 2.74 1.10 1.00 0.53 0.00
65 Nigeria 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.23 0.00 0.00
66 North Korea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.50 16.67 0.00 9.09 2.56 0.00 2.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
67 Afghanistan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
68 Bahrain 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
69 Paraguay 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
70 Panama 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 100.00 50.00 100.00 0.00 83.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.11 0.00 5.00 9.09 0.00
71 Jamaica 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 0.00
72 Iceland 0.00 0.00 100.00 16.67 0.00 0.00 6.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.26 7.32 0.00 0.00 5.45 3.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.75 0.00 0.00
73 Bangladesh 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.00
74 Belarus 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.12 0.88 1.11 1.92 2.00 1.53 0.68 0.68 0.55 0.66 2.67 0.57 2.19 1.46 0.47 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.00
75 Bosnia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
76 Cuba 0.00 0.00 4.76 0.00 4.65 0.00 0.00 9.52 9.76 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 4.35 6.00 3.57 0.00 0.00 7.58 5.26 1.96 13.21 4.08 0.00
77 Cyprus 0.00 25.00 50.00 50.00 16.67 16.67 5.00 2.56 7.69 16.67 8.33 10.42 1.37 3.92 7.02 7.27 5.36 12.33 8.96 3.26 0.88 4.13 1.50 0.64 0.00
78 Georgia 33.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 5.88 0.00 7.69 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.33 0.00
79 Yemen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.67 0.00 5.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
80 Indonesia 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00
81 Iraq 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
82 Armenia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.56 0.00 1.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
83 Kazakhstan 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 0.00 14.29 0.00 5.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.79 5.00 1.75 2.25 0.83 0.77 1.50 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
84 Liechtenstein 0.00 40.00 275.00 166.67 175.00 60.00 325.00 166.67 325.00 75.00 233.33 275.00 75.00 250.00 150.00 20.00 220.00 0.00 300.00 200.00 157.14 233.33 0.00
85 Romania 1.00 0.00 1.23 0.49 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.31 0.89 0.66 0.56 1.11 1.53 1.55 1.06 0.71 0.66 0.63 0.40 0.29 0.32 0.83 0.00
86 Venezuela 5.88 33.33 12.90 5.00 6.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.14 2.70 1.85 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
87 Uzbekistan 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
88 Tunisia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.00
89 Syria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
90 Serbia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.00 0.22 0.00
91 Philippines 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.33 0.00 12.50 12.50 6.25 8.33 5.88 0.00 0.00 5.88 6.98 1.28 5.63 4.31 5.38 0.00 2.27 0.00 0.00 0.00
92 Peru 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.56 1.39 0.79 0.00 0.51 0.66 0.00
93 Angola 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 66.67 0.00

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