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INFO
Indicator : Researchers in R&D (per million people) (People)
Description : Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.
Source : The World Bank

Researchers in R&D (per million people) (People)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
1 Kazakhstan 405 375 347 369 386 612 737 799 777 694 666 667 637 689 630
2 Albania 157
3 Pakistan 83 165 166 143 158 279 336 383
4 Russia 3,365 3,310 3,235 3,240 3,276 3,153 3,090 3,088 3,115 3,078 3,053 3,075 3,098 2,952 2,822 2,784 2,747 2,722
5 Romania 956 973 1,072 897 896 935 940 974 791 891 923 904 876 912 891 882 896 953
6 Qatar 548 584 577
7 Portugal 1,934 1,969 2,016 2,344 2,671 3,820 3,761 3,923 4,168 4,037 3,611 3,662 3,730 4,005 4,368 4,646 4,906 5,215
8 Poland 1,534 1,596 1,616 1,548 1,595 1,604 1,585 1,672 1,675 1,753 1,873 2,064 2,172 2,321 3,019 3,106 3,188 3,288
9 Philippines 71 80 78 82 84 187 106 174
10 Paraguay 81 86 72 77 50 168 152 183 121 135 140 156
11 Panama 97 96 104 105 166 132 111 117 118 38 39
12 Norway 4,507 4,504 4,584 4,838 5,163 5,360 5,439 5,408 5,502 5,553 5,574 5,686 5,891 6,078 6,350 6,433 6,674 6,699
13 Oman 149 173 132 178 213 240 242 281 355 335
14 Senegal 260 275 370 361 564
15 Nigeria 39
16 New Zealand 3,935 3,141 3,445 3,719 3,689 3,961 5,418 5,104 5,854
17 Netherlands 2,714 2,983 2,930 3,241 3,101 3,071 2,833 3,229 3,664 4,361 4,552 4,513 4,673 5,159 5,348 5,597 5,715 5,912
18 Myanmar 29 33 30 32
19 Morocco 651 644 660 725 845 850 1,024 1,074
20 Montenegro 716 703 763 747
21 Moldova 702 712 621 605 628 713 699 663 777 769 737 747 758 927 941 918 836 789
22 Mexico 323 378 400 326 335 327 368 312 344 248 252 260 281 315 314 311 327 349
23 Saudi Arabia 453
24 Serbia 964 1,095 1,149 1,213 1,624 1,643 1,727 1,831 2,071 2,133 2,079 2,087 2,098 2,167
25 Malaysia 495 369 601 1,070 1,467 1,649 1,791 2,054 2,308 2,397 2,185
26 Turkey 492 504 577 621 714 751 811 890 982 1,100 1,173 1,161 1,212 1,255 1,379 1,533 1,624 1,775
World 1,207 1,282 1,411 1,592
27 Vietnam 679 679 708 757
28 Venezuela 95 105 121 146 163 187 182 200 233 296 364 273 249 300 237 291
29 Uzbekistan 575 513 507 501 497 506 496 476 418 424
30 USA 4,911 4,708 3,718 3,782 3,758 3,912 4,072 3,867 4,027 3,991 4,091 4,205 4,268 4,251 4,412 4,749 4,821
31 Uruguay 274 481 549 614 632 635 643 661 679 691 696 729 767
32 Ukraine 1,479 1,459 1,432 1,350 1,332 1,258 1,231 1,162 1,024 1,006 1,037 994 988 881 846
33 UK 3,635 3,823 4,129 4,188 4,132 4,084 4,116 4,091 3,926 3,970 4,119 4,228 4,320 4,358 4,435 4,554 4,684
34 UAE 1,980 2,383 2,379 2,382 2,443
35 Tunisia 1,159 1,320 1,478 1,580 1,088 1,218 1,491 1,384 1,431 1,628 1,801 1,814 1,799 1,997 1,946 1,812 1,745 1,660
36 Singapore 4,901 5,134 5,292 5,425 5,769 5,741 6,149 6,307 6,405 6,357 6,603 6,632 7,007 6,935 6,815 6,825 7,287
37 Thailand 277 311 322 331 539 791 964 865 1,208 1,350 1,758 1,790
38 Syria 91
39 Switzerland 3,451 3,288 4,469 5,272 5,236 5,552
40 Sweden 5,393 5,434 6,091 6,133 5,005 5,443 5,085 5,256 5,145 5,164 6,674 6,876 6,834 7,155 7,383 7,536 7,834 7,930
41 Sri lanka 137 93 99 106 110 99 106 107 106 106
42 Spain 2,201 2,363 2,502 2,600 2,712 2,859 2,890 2,889 2,766 2,694 2,626 2,613 2,623 2,715 2,856 3,001 3,081 3,109
43 South Korea 3,244 3,336 3,777 4,175 4,604 4,868 5,001 5,380 5,803 6,304 6,393 6,826 7,013 7,086 7,498 7,980 8,408 8,714
44 South Africa 303 379 358 379 389 385 388 363 387 405 435 432 472 492 518 504 484
45 Slovenia 1,893 2,017 2,631 2,920 3,098 3,463 3,645 3,753 4,277 4,317 4,220 4,147 3,814 3,914 4,479 4,845 5,055 4,932
46 Slovakia 1,780 1,981 2,028 2,186 2,291 2,332 2,460 2,808 2,833 2,820 2,716 2,716 2,650 2,600 2,795 2,996 3,111 3,164
47 Malta 2,055 2,130 2,063 2,132 2,296
48 Lithuania 1,916 2,143 2,284 2,414 2,594 2,619 2,676 2,754 2,721 2,634 2,844 3,054 2,786 2,950 3,072 3,191 3,490 3,728
49 Luxembourg 4,367 4,504 4,864 4,412 4,636 4,716 4,829 5,145 5,451 4,352 4,614 4,741 4,480 4,777 4,960 4,738 5,077 4,920
50 Brazil 496 545 580 589 603 619 656 698 738 788 838 888
51 Czech Republic 1,550 1,598 2,362 2,557 2,699 2,865 2,749 2,782 2,904 3,139 3,237 3,403 3,592 3,516 3,682 3,863 3,976 4,128
52 Cyprus 491 574 660 714 752 748 801 820 1,064 1,017 1,036 1,065 1,009 1,051 1,196 1,389 1,635 1,691
53 Croatia 1,315 1,605 1,308 1,323 1,407 1,542 1,601 1,646 1,587 1,557 1,527 1,437 1,504 1,851 1,868 1,921 2,135 2,220
54 Costa rica 132 108 124 263 998 1,233 406 337 355 568 495 525 380 345
55 Colombia 140 156 126 143 161 176 183 193 177 148 57 58 70 89 88
56 China 667 712 857 932 1,079 1,200 864 903 958 1,014 1,066 1,089 1,151 1,197 1,225 1,307 1,471 1,585
57 Chile 337 358 289 320 353 391 335 427 455 493 493 523 510
58 Canada 3,901 4,082 4,238 4,313 4,588 4,712 4,451 4,649 4,780 4,627 4,623 4,542 4,523 4,370 4,423 4,516
59 Bulgaria 1,223 1,262 1,309 1,356 1,480 1,515 1,604 1,482 1,613 1,541 1,684 1,822 1,977 2,237 2,125 2,343 2,420 2,402
60 Bosnia 61 63 66 175 194 160 234 292 365 420 485 471 460 452
61 Ecuador 50 71 65 103 118 141 180 281 351 399
62 Bolivia 146 166
63 Belgium 3,001 3,128 3,138 3,281 3,393 3,412 3,522 3,736 3,876 4,113 4,156 4,529 4,711 4,781 4,730 5,004 5,253 5,750
64 Belarus 1,466
65 Bahrain 50 369
66 Azerbaijan 1,719 1,735
67 Austria 3,171 3,457 3,531 3,816 4,142 4,146 4,359 4,390 4,669 4,725 4,948 5,019 5,372 5,388 5,639 5,895 5,751
68 Australia 4,039 4,232 4,335 4,531
69 Argentina 720 769 814 886 968 1,028 1,033 1,121 1,181 1,203 1,198 1,207 1,231 1,260 1,210 1,224 1,231
70 Angola 47 19
71 Denmark 4,621 4,845 5,201 5,302 5,519 6,497 6,660 6,744 7,018 7,143 7,071 7,311 7,528 7,847 7,670 7,636 7,739 7,692
72 Egypt 636 442 437 497 492 517 539 675 673 689 677 687 825 838
73 Algeria 168 819
74 Indonesia 90 179 215 216 388 396
75 Latvia 1,372 1,433 1,473 1,789 1,914 2,038 1,710 1,864 1,885 1,887 1,773 1,854 1,809 1,597 1,785 1,792 1,905 2,159
76 Kuwait 168 170 170 164 186 149 140 133 130 131 620 396 478 502 514 184 174
77 Kenya 57 231
78 Jordan 252 592 596
79 Japan 5,170 5,176 5,360 5,387 5,378 5,158 5,148 5,153 5,110 5,033 5,147 5,328 5,173 5,209 5,304 5,331 5,375 5,455
80 Italy 1,215 1,236 1,406 1,501 1,573 1,614 1,713 1,736 1,781 1,849 1,931 1,956 2,078 2,204 2,314 2,512 2,656 2,672
81 Ireland 2,503 2,695 2,756 2,835 2,893 3,237 3,113 3,070 3,326 4,854 5,136 5,304 5,271 5,178 5,143 4,733 4,821 4,769
82 Iraq 371 381 402 416 441 70 66 65 106 111 123 141
83 Iran 713 748 712 738 697 679 825 1,475 1,659
84 India 135 157 216 253
85 Estonia 2,232 2,498 2,457 2,603 2,745 2,970 3,229 3,061 3,398 3,463 3,341 3,284 3,183 3,295 3,543 3,755 3,768 3,846
86 Iceland 6,617 7,262 7,976 7,230 7,443 7,970 6,981 5,648 5,888 6,640 6,131 6,088
87 Hungary 1,498 1,474 1,573 1,741 1,728 1,841 1,999 2,131 2,326 2,416 2,546 2,673 2,589 2,646 2,922 3,874 4,057 4,358
88 Honduras 35
89 Greece 1,407 1,770 1,794 1,888 2,279 2,300 2,721 2,792 3,256 2,770 3,311 3,487 3,731 4,010
90 Germany 3,261 3,274 3,350 3,452 3,597 3,752 3,941 4,078 4,189 4,352 4,367 4,321 4,744 4,862 5,077 5,217 5,396 5,393
91 Georgia 566 1,059 1,280 1,307 1,307 1,464 1,699 1,712
92 France 3,203 3,340 3,307 3,418 3,580 3,654 3,741 3,868 3,942 4,073 4,155 4,234 4,307 4,415 4,570 4,700 4,812 4,926
93 Finland 8,008 7,846 7,545 7,673 7,373 7,692 7,649 7,717 7,422 7,474 7,207 7,009 6,845 6,531 6,722 6,861 7,228 7,527
94 European Union 3,130 3,252 3,332 3,387 3,532 3,653 3,858 4,024 4,171 4,258
95 Ethiopia 91
96 Zimbabwe 100

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