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Indicator : Researchers in R&D (per million people) (People)

Description : Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.

Source : The World Bank

 TABLE  CHART

 LINE  BAR

 Regular

 Data  Rank

Microsoft Excel (.xls)

Researchers in R&D (per million people) (People)

		2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
1	Liechtenstein																					18,130 1	
2	Serbia					964 39	1,095 38	1,149 36	1,213 37	1,624 35	1,643 34	1,727 35	1,831 33	2,071 35	2,133 35	2,079 36	2,087 35	2,098 36	2,167 31	2,207 39	2,350 32	2,515 2	
3	Cuba																			2,100 41	2,079 34	1,968 3	
4	Georgia											566 51	1,059 41	1,280 41	1,307 40	1,307 43	1,464 42	1,699 41	1,712 35	1,703 44	1,809 37	1,768 4	
5	Azerbaijan																	1,719 40	1,735 34	1,743 42	1,702 40	1,663 5	
6	Belarus																		1,466 39	1,439 48	1,434 41	1,504 6	
7	Saudi Arabia																		453 46	794 54	958 45	1,121 7	
8	Armenia																				1,187 43	1,040 8	
9	Uruguay						274 55	481 47	549 47	614 48	632 48	635 50	643 50	661 54	679 53	691 53	696 50	729 53	767 44	846 52	880 46	902 9	
10	Egypt					636 44	442 48	437 48	497 48	492 51	517 51	539 52	675 49	673 53	689 52	677 54	687 51	825 50	838 42	808 53	829 47	845 10	
11	Moldova	702 37	712 37	621 40	605 44	628 45	713 44	699 45	663 46	777 46	769 46	737 46	747 48	758 51	927 48	941 48	918 47	836 49	789 43	781 55	768 48	717 11	
12	Kazakhstan					405 47	375 51	347 52	369 50	386 55	612 49	737 46	799 47	777 50	694 51	666 55	667 52	637 54	689 45	610 59	662 49	693 12	
13	Bosnia	61 52	63 52	66 56	175 50	194 54					160 61	234 60	292 58	365 62	420 60	485 61	471 58	460 57	452 47	446 62	540 52	670 13	
14	Oman									149 61	173 59	132 63	178 61	213 68	240 63	242 65	281 61	355 61	335 51	332 65	383 56	655 14	
15	Uzbekistan									575 49	513 52	507 53	501 53	497 57	506 56	496 59	476 57	418 58	424 48	524 60	544 51	542 15	
16	Pakistan			83 53		165 57		166 57		143 62		158 62		279 64		336 63		383 60		401 64		474 16	
17	Mexico	323 42	378 44	400 43	326 48	335 51	327 54	368 51	312 54	344 57	248 58	252 59	260 60	281 63	315 61	314 64	311 60	327 62	349 50	273 67	274 58	272 17	
18	Panama	97 48	96 50	104 52	105 54	166 56	132 61	111 61	117 62	118 64	38 65	39 67								135 70	142 61	253 18	
19	Kenya					57 62			231 55												169 60	201 19	
20	Venezuela	95 49	105 49	121 51	146 52	163 58	187 57	182 56	200 56	233 58	296 56	364 55	273 59	249 66	300 62			237 63	291 52	276 66	350 57	180 20	
21	Kuwait	168 45	170 45	170 46	164 51	186 55	149 60	140 59	133 61	130 63	131 63		620 51	396 61	478 59	502 58	514 55	184 64	174 53		176 59	159 21	
22	Myanmar															29 73	33 68	30 67	32 55	19 72	26 65	28 22	
23	Uganda																					12 23	
24	Ukraine				1,479 34	1,459 34	1,432 35	1,350 35	1,332 35	1,258 39	1,231 38	1,162 40	1,024 42	1,006 46	1,037 47	994 47	988 46	881 48	846 41	774 56	586 50		
25	Poland	1,534 27	1,596 29	1,616 29	1,548 32	1,595 31	1,604 32	1,585 33	1,672 30	1,675 33	1,753 33	1,873 32	2,064 29	2,172 33	2,321 32	3,019 28	3,106 27	3,188 27	3,288 22	3,558 28	3,721 23		
26	Philippines	71 51		80 54		78 60		82 63		84 65		187 61		106 70			174 64						
27	Paraguay	81 50	86 51	72 55			77 64			50 66	168 60		152 62	183 69	121 65	135 67	140 65	156 65		143 69	133 63		
28	Norway	4,507 8	4,504 7	4,584 8	4,838 7	5,163 6	5,360 6	5,439 5	5,408 4	5,502 6	5,553 5	5,574 7	5,686 6	5,891 6	6,078 7	6,350 6	6,433 6	6,674 6	6,699 5	7,229 6	7,395 5		
29	Qatar										548 50			584 55			577 53			948 51			
30	Nigeria					39 63																	
31	New Zealand	3,935 10		3,141 17		3,445 16		3,719 17		3,689 19		3,961 20		5,418 8		5,104 13		5,854 8		5,095 18			
32	Netherlands	2,714 18	2,983 19	2,930 19	3,241 18	3,101 19	3,071 23	2,833 24	3,229 19	3,664 20	4,361 12	4,552 13	4,513 13	4,673 15	5,159 11	5,348 9	5,597 9	5,715 9	5,912 6	6,004 11	6,319 9		
33	Morocco				651 42	644 43	660 45		725 44	845 44	850 44		1,024 42		1,074 45								
34	Montenegro														716 50	703 52	763 49	747 52					
35	Portugal	1,934 22	1,969 26	2,016 27	2,344 26	2,671 25	3,820 15	3,761 15	3,923 14	4,168 14	4,037 18	3,611 21	3,662 19	3,730 22	4,005 19	4,368 22	4,646 18	4,906 16	5,215 11	5,431 14	5,687 11		
36	Vietnam											679 48		679 52		708 51		757 51		768 57			
37	Romania	956 35	973 35	1,072 36	897 38	896 40	935 40	940 40	974 39	791 45	891 43	923 43	904 45	876 47	912 49	891 49	882 48	896 47	953 40	989 50	999 44		
38	Sweden	5,393 3	5,434 2	6,091 3	6,133 3	5,005 7	5,443 5	5,085 7	5,256 6	5,145 8	5,164 6	6,674 3	6,876 3	6,834 5	7,155 2	7,383 3	7,536 3	7,834 2	7,930 2	8,160 2	8,624 3		
39	UK	3,635 12	3,823 11	4,129 10	4,188 11	4,132 11	4,084 13	4,116 12	4,091 12	3,926 17	3,970 20	4,119 18	4,228 16	4,320 18	4,358 17	4,435 19	4,554 19	4,684 20					
40	UAE													1,980 36	2,383 31		2,379 32	2,382 33	2,443 27	2,607 33			
41	Turkey	492 40	504 41	577 42	621 43	714 42	751 41	811 42	890 41	982 42	1,100 40	1,173 39	1,161 38	1,212 43	1,255 42	1,379 41	1,533 41	1,624 44	1,775 33	2,210 38	2,479 30		
42	Tunisia	1,159 34	1,320 32	1,478 31	1,580 31	1,088 36	1,218 36	1,491 34	1,384 34	1,431 38	1,628 35	1,801 33	1,814 35	1,799 39	1,997 37	1,946 37	1,812 38	1,745 39	1,660 37	1,610 47	1,704 39		
43	Thailand	277 44		311 45		322 52		331 53		539 50		791 45	964 44	865 48	1,208 43	1,350 42	1,758 40	1,790 38		1,696 45	1,863 35		
44	Syria													91 72							140 62		
45	Switzerland		3,451 12				3,288 20				4,469 11			5,272 9		5,236 11		5,552 10		6,021 10			
46	USA	4,911 5	4,708 6	3,718 12	3,782 13	3,758 13	3,912 14	4,072 13	3,867 16	4,027 15	3,991 19	4,091 19	4,205 17	4,268 20	4,251 18	4,412 21	4,749 14	4,821 17		4,825 21			
47	Russia	3,365 13	3,310 15	3,235 16	3,240 19	3,276 18	3,153 22	3,090 22	3,088 20	3,115 24	3,078 24	3,053 25	3,075 23	3,098 27	2,952 24	2,822 31	2,784 30	2,747 30	2,722 25	2,662 31	2,684 27		
48	Sri lanka		137 47		93 55		99 63		106 63			110 64	99 63	106 70	107 66	106 68	106 67				94 64		
49	Spain	2,201 21	2,363 22	2,502 22	2,600 23	2,712 23	2,859 26	2,890 23	2,889 23	2,766 27	2,694 26	2,626 29	2,613 28	2,623 30	2,715 27	2,856 30	3,001 28	3,081 29	3,109 24	3,230 29	3,388 24		
50	South Korea	3,244 15	3,336 14	3,777 11	4,175 12	4,604 9	4,868 8	5,001 8	5,380 5	5,803 5	6,304 4	6,393 5	6,826 4	7,013 2	7,086 3	7,498 2	7,980 1	8,408 1	8,714 1	9,071 1	9,435 1		
51	South Africa	303 43	379 43	358 44	379 46	389 48	385 49	388 50	363 51	387 54	405 53	435 54	432 54	472 59	492 58	518 57	504 56	484 56		455 61	444 55		
52	Slovakia	1,780 25	1,981 25	2,028 26	2,186 27	2,291 27	2,332 28	2,460 27	2,808 24	2,833 26	2,820 25	2,716 28	2,716 26	2,650 29	2,600 29	2,795 32	2,996 29	3,111 28	3,164 23	3,211 30	3,387 25		
53	Singapore	4,901 6	5,134 4	5,292 5	5,425 4	5,769 3	5,741 4	6,149 4	6,307 3	6,405 4	6,357 3	6,603 4	6,632 5	7,007 3	6,935 4	6,815 4	6,825 5	7,287 4		7,917 3			
54	Senegal				260 49	275 53	370 52		361 52					564 56									
	World			1,207					1,282					1,411			1,592						
55	Slovenia	1,893 24	2,017 24	2,631 21	2,920 20	3,098 20	3,463 18	3,645 18	3,753 17	4,277 12	4,317 15	4,220 15	4,147 18	3,814 21	3,914 20	4,479 18	4,845 13	5,055 15	4,932 12	5,235 16	5,370 14		
56	Albania						157 59																
57	Malta														2,055 36	2,130 34	2,063 36	2,132 35	2,296 29	2,158 40	2,428 31		
58	Canada	3,901 11	4,082 9	4,238 9	4,313 9	4,588 10	4,712 10	4,451 10	4,649 9	4,780 10	4,627 10	4,623 11	4,542 11	4,523 16	4,370 16	4,423 20	4,516 20			5,412 15			
59	Denmark	4,621 7	4,845 5	5,201 6	5,302 6	5,519 4	6,497 3	6,660 3	6,744 2	7,018 2	7,143 2	7,071 2	7,311 1	7,528 1	7,847 1	7,670 1	7,636 2	7,739 3	7,692 3	7,708 5	8,736 2		
60	Czech Republic	1,550 26	1,598 28	2,362 24	2,557 24	2,699 24	2,865 25	2,749 25	2,782 25	2,904 25	3,139 23	3,237 24	3,403 20	3,592 23	3,516 22	3,682 24	3,863 23	3,976 23	4,128 18	4,560 22	4,697 19		
61	Cyprus	491 41	574 39	660 39	714 40	752 41	748 42	801 43	820 42	1,064 41	1,017 41	1,036 42	1,065 40	1,009 45	1,051 46	1,196 46	1,389 43	1,635 43	1,691 36	1,743 42	1,728 38		
62	Croatia	1,315 31	1,605 27	1,308 35	1,323 36	1,407 35	1,542 33	1,601 32	1,646 31	1,587 37	1,557 36	1,527 37	1,437 36	1,504 40	1,851 38	1,868 38	1,921 37	2,135 34	2,220 30	2,414 34	2,534 29		
63	Costa rica	132 47	108 48	124 50			263 56	998 39	1,233 36	406 53	337 55	355 56	568 52	495 58	525 55	380 62	345 59			407 63	462 54		
64	Colombia	140 46	156 46	126 49	143 53	161 59	176 58	183 55	193 57	177 60	148 62	57 65	58 65	70 73	89 67	88 71							
65	China	667 38	712 37	857 37	932 37	1,079 37	1,200 37	864 41	903 40	958 43	1,014 42	1,066 41	1,089 39	1,151 44	1,197 44	1,225 44	1,307 44	1,471 45	1,585 38	1,686 46	1,849 36		
66	Chile					337 50	358 53	289 54	320 53	353 56	391 54	335 58	427 55	455 60	493 57	493 60	523 54	510 55		639 58			
67	Bulgaria	1,223 32	1,262 33	1,309 34	1,356 35	1,480 33	1,515 34	1,604 31	1,482 32	1,613 36	1,541 37	1,684 36	1,822 34	1,977 37	2,237 33	2,125 35	2,343 33	2,420 32	2,402 28	2,347 36	2,557 28		
68	Estonia	2,232 20	2,498 21	2,457 23	2,603 22	2,745 22	2,970 24	3,229 20	3,061 22	3,398 21	3,463 21	3,341 22	3,284 22	3,183 26	3,295 23	3,543 25	3,755 24	3,768 24	3,846 20	4,036 26	4,655 20		
69	Brunei																				506 53		
70	Brazil	496 39	545 40	580 41	589 45	603 46	619 46	656 46	698 45	738 47	788 45	838 44	888 46										
71	Bolivia							146 58	166 58											63 71			
72	Belgium	3,001 17	3,128 18	3,138 18	3,281 17	3,393 17	3,412 19	3,522 19	3,736 18	3,876 18	4,113 16	4,156 16	4,529 12	4,711 14	4,781 13	4,730 16	5,004 12	5,253 13	5,750 8	6,597 8	6,983 6		
73	Bahrain											50 66	369 57										
74	Austria		3,171 17	3,457 13	3,531 14	3,816 12	4,142 12	4,146 11	4,359 11	4,390 11	4,669 9	4,725 10	4,948 9	5,019 12	5,372 8	5,388 8	5,639 8	5,895 7	5,751 7	6,323 9	6,659 8		
75	Australia		4,039 10		4,232 10		4,335 11		4,531 10														
76	Argentina	720 36	769 36	814 38	886 39	968 38	1,028 39	1,033 38	1,121 38	1,181 40	1,203 39	1,198 38	1,207 37	1,231 42	1,260 41	1,210 45	1,224 45	1,231 46		1,288 49	1,296 42		
77	Angola									47 67					19 69								
78	Ecuador	50 53			71 56	65 61	103 62	118 60	141 60	180 59	281 57	351 57	399 56										
79	Ethiopia															91 70							
80	Malaysia		495 42		369 47		601 47	1,070 37	1,467 33	1,649 34	1,791 32		2,054 30	2,308 32	2,397 30		2,185 34						
81	Iraq					371 49	381 50	402 49	416 49	441 52			70 64	66 74	65 68	106 68	111 66	123 66	141 54	164 68			
82	Luxembourg	4,367 9	4,504 7	4,864 7	4,412 8	4,636 8	4,716 9	4,829 9	5,145 8	5,451 7	4,352 13	4,614 12	4,741 10	4,480 17	4,777 14	4,960 15	4,738 15	5,077 14	4,920 14	4,939 20	4,879 17		
83	Lithuania	1,916 23	2,143 23	2,284 25	2,414 25	2,594 26	2,619 27	2,676 26	2,754 26	2,721 28	2,634 27	2,844 26	3,054 24	2,786 28	2,950 25	3,072 27	3,191 26	3,490 26	3,728 21	3,947 27	4,154 22		
84	Algeria			168 47												819 50							
85	Latvia	1,372 30	1,433 31	1,473 32	1,789 29	1,914 28	2,038 29	1,710 30	1,864 28	1,885 31	1,887 30	1,773 34	1,854 32	1,809 38	1,597 39	1,785 39	1,792 39	1,905 37	2,159 32	2,395 35	2,270 33		
86	Jordan													252 65	592 54	596 56							
87	Japan	5,170 4	5,176 3	5,360 4	5,387 5	5,378 5	5,158 7	5,148 6	5,153 7	5,110 9	5,033 7	5,147 8	5,328 7	5,173 11	5,209 9	5,304 10	5,331 10	5,375 12	5,455 9	5,590 12	5,630 12		
88	Italy	1,215 33	1,236 34	1,406 33	1,501 33	1,573 32	1,614 31	1,713 29	1,736 29	1,781 32	1,849 31	1,931 31	1,956 31	2,078 34	2,204 34	2,314 33	2,512 31	2,656 31	2,672 26	2,659 32	2,796 26		
89	Ireland	2,503 19	2,695 20	2,756 20	2,835 21	2,893 21	3,237 21	3,113 21	3,070 21	3,326 22	4,854 8	5,136 9	5,304 8	5,271 10	5,178 10	5,143 12	4,733 16	4,821 17	4,769 15	5,213 17	5,512 13		
90	Iran				713 41		748 42	712 44	738 43		697 47	679 48		825 49		1,475 40		1,659 42		2,240 37			
91	European Union									3,130 23	3,252 22	3,332 23	3,387 21	3,532 24	3,653 21	3,858 23	4,024 21	4,171 21	4,258 17	4,425 24	4,647 21		
92	Indonesia							90 62							179 64	215 66	216 63	388 59	396 49				
93	India			135 48					157 59					216 67			253 62						
94	Iceland	6,617 2		7,262 2	7,976 1	7,230 2	7,443 2	7,970 1		6,981 3		5,648 6		5,888 7	6,640 5	6,131 7	6,088 7			6,941 7	6,864 7		
95	Hungary	1,498 28	1,474 30	1,573 30	1,741 30	1,728 30	1,841 30	1,999 28	2,131 27	2,326 29	2,416 28	2,546 30	2,673 27	2,589 31	2,646 28	2,922 29	3,874 22	4,057 22	4,358 16	4,452 23	4,725 18		
96	Honduras															35 72							
97	Greece	1,407 29		1,770 28	1,794 28	1,888 29				2,279 30	2,300 29	2,721 27	2,792 25	3,256 25	2,770 26	3,311 26	3,487 25	3,731 25	4,010 19	4,244 25	4,927 16		
98	Germany	3,261 14	3,274 16	3,350 14	3,452 15	3,597 14	3,752 16	3,941 14	4,078 13	4,189 13	4,352 13	4,367 14	4,321 14	4,744 13	4,862 12	5,077 14	5,217 11	5,396 11	5,393 10	5,521 13	5,787 10		
99	France	3,203 16	3,340 13	3,307 15	3,418 16	3,580 15	3,654 17	3,741 16	3,868 15	3,942 16	4,073 17	4,155 17	4,234 15	4,307 19	4,415 15	4,570 17	4,700 17	4,812 19	4,926 13	5,058 19	5,182 15		
100	Finland	8,008 1	7,846 1	7,545 1	7,673 2	7,373 1	7,692 1	7,649 2	7,717 1	7,422 1	7,474 1	7,207 1	7,009 2	6,845 4	6,531 6	6,722 5	6,861 4	7,228 5	7,527 4	7,870 4	8,073 4		
101	Zimbabwe										100 64												
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