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Indicator : Researchers in R&D (per million people) (People)

Description : Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.

Source : The World Bank

Microsoft Excel (.xls)

Researchers in R&D (per million people) (People)

		2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
1	Denmark	4,621 7	4,845 5	5,201 6	5,302 6	5,519 4	6,497 3	6,660 3	6,744 2	7,026 3	7,156 2	7,168 2	7,198 1	
2	Finland	8,008 1	7,846 1	7,545 1	7,673 2	7,373 1	7,692 1	7,649 2	7,717 1	7,414 1	7,460 1	7,188 1	6,986 2	
3	South Korea	3,244 15	3,336 14	3,777 11	4,175 12	4,604 9	4,868 8	5,001 8	5,380 5	5,853 5	6,362 4	6,457 5	6,899 3	
4	Sweden	5,393 3	5,434 2	6,091 3	6,133 3	5,005 7	5,443 5	5,085 7	5,256 6	5,147 9	5,164 6	6,670 3	6,868 4	
5	Singapore	4,901 6	5,134 4	5,292 5	5,425 4	5,769 3	5,741 4	6,149 4	6,307 3	6,496 4	6,442 3	6,665 4	6,659 5	
6	Norway	4,507 8	4,504 7	4,584 8	4,838 7	5,163 6	5,360 6	5,439 5	5,408 4	5,496 6	5,548 5	5,569 7	5,679 6	
7	Japan	5,170 4	5,176 3	5,360 4	5,387 5	5,378 5	5,158 7	5,148 6	5,153 7	5,160 8	5,084 7	5,201 8	5,386 7	
8	Austria		3,171 17	3,457 13	3,531 14	3,816 12	4,142 12	4,146 11	4,359 11	4,406 11	4,653 8	4,763 9	4,815 8	
9	Luxembourg	4,367 9	4,504 7	4,864 7	4,412 8	4,636 8	4,716 9	4,829 9	5,145 8	5,444 7	4,339 13	4,595 10	4,577 9	
10	Netherlands	2,714 18	2,983 19	2,930 19	3,241 18	3,101 19	3,071 23	2,833 24	3,229 19	3,675 20	4,372 12	4,561 11	4,478 10	
11	Germany	3,261 14	3,274 16	3,350 14	3,452 15	3,597 14	3,752 16	3,941 14	4,078 13	4,211 13	4,379 11	4,400 13	4,381 11	
12	UK	3,635 12	3,823 11	4,129 10	4,188 11	4,132 11	4,084 13	4,116 12	4,091 12	3,979 16	4,029 18	4,186 15	4,252 12	
13	France	3,203 16	3,340 13	3,307 15	3,418 16	3,580 15	3,654 17	3,741 16	3,868 15	3,940 17	4,073 16	4,170 16	4,201 13	
14	Belgium	3,001 17	3,128 18	3,138 18	3,281 17	3,393 17	3,412 19	3,522 19	3,736 18	3,879 18	4,115 15	4,156 17	4,176 14	
15	Slovenia	1,893 24	2,017 24	2,631 21	2,920 20	3,098 20	3,463 18	3,645 18	3,753 17	4,261 12	4,307 14	4,217 14	4,150 15	
16	Ireland	2,503 19	2,695 20	2,756 20	2,835 21	2,893 21	3,237 21	3,113 21	3,070 21	3,282 22	3,422 21	3,606 20	3,732 16	
17	Portugal	1,934 22	1,969 26	2,016 27	2,344 26	2,671 25	3,820 15	3,761 15	3,923 14	4,172 14	4,042 17	3,615 19	3,700 17	
18	Czech Republic	1,550 26	1,598 28	2,362 24	2,557 24	2,699 24	2,865 25	2,749 25	2,782 25	2,913 24	3,150 22	3,250 22	3,418 18	
19	Estonia	2,232 20	2,498 21	2,457 23	2,603 22	2,745 22	2,970 24	3,229 20	3,061 22	3,397 21	3,461 20	3,339 21	3,284 19	
20	Russia	3,365 13	3,310 15	3,235 16	3,240 19	3,276 18	3,153 22	3,090 22	3,088 20	3,125 23	3,094 23	3,073 23	3,102 20	
21	Lithuania	1,916 23	2,143 23	2,284 25	2,414 25	2,594 26	2,619 27	2,676 26	2,754 26	2,732 27	2,660 26	2,887 24	2,961 21	
22	Slovakia	1,780 25	1,981 25	2,028 26	2,186 27	2,291 27	2,332 28	2,460 27	2,808 24	2,832 25	2,820 24	2,718 25	2,719 22	
23	Greece	1,407 29		1,770 28	1,794 28	1,888 29				2,212 29	2,232 28	2,644 27	2,716 23	
24	Hungary	1,498 28	1,474 30	1,573 30	1,741 30	1,728 30	1,841 30	1,999 28	2,131 27	2,304 28	2,394 27	2,523 28	2,651 24	
25	Spain	2,201 21	2,363 22	2,502 22	2,600 23	2,712 23	2,859 26	2,890 23	2,889 23	2,788 26	2,718 25	2,653 26	2,642 25	
26	Malaysia		495 42		369 47		601 47	1,070 37	1,467 33	1,653 33	1,794 31		2,052 26	
27	Poland	1,534 27	1,596 29	1,616 29	1,548 32	1,595 31	1,604 32	1,585 33	1,672 30	1,662 32	1,735 32	1,851 30	2,036 27	
28	Italy	1,215 33	1,236 34	1,406 33	1,501 33	1,573 32	1,614 31	1,713 29	1,736 29	1,779 31	1,853 30	1,943 29	2,007 28	
29	Latvia	1,372 30	1,433 31	1,473 32	1,789 29	1,914 28	2,038 29	1,710 30	1,864 28	1,913 30	1,916 29	1,802 31	1,884 29	
30	Bulgaria	1,223 32	1,262 33	1,309 34	1,356 35	1,480 33	1,515 34	1,604 31	1,482 32	1,618 34	1,547 35	1,693 33	1,833 30	
31	Tunisia	1,159 34	1,320 32	1,478 31	1,580 31	1,088 36	1,218 36	1,491 34	1,384 34	1,429 36	1,623 33	1,793 32	1,803 31	
32	Serbia					964 39	1,095 38	1,149 36	1,213 37	1,299 38	1,314 36	1,381 35	1,465 32	
33	Croatia	1,315 31	1,605 27	1,308 35	1,323 36	1,407 35	1,542 33	1,601 32	1,646 31	1,592 35	1,560 34	1,529 34	1,437 33	
34	Argentina	720 36	769 36	814 38	886 39	968 38	1,028 39	1,033 38	1,121 38	1,177 40	1,199 38	1,194 36	1,202 34	
35	Turkey	492 40	504 41	577 42	621 43	714 42	751 41	811 42	890 41	981 41	1,097 39	1,169 37	1,157 35	
36	China	667 38	712 37	857 37	932 37	1,079 37	1,200 37	864 41	903 40	978 42	1,036 40	1,089 39	1,113 36	
37	Ukraine				1,479 34	1,459 34	1,432 35	1,350 35	1,332 35	1,262 39	1,235 37	1,165 38	1,026 37	
38	Thailand	277 44		311 45		322 52		331 53		543 47			974 38	
39	Romania	956 35	973 35	1,072 36	897 38	896 40	935 40	940 40	974 39	800 45	903 41	938 40	922 39	
40	Cyprus	491 41	574 39	660 39	714 40	752 41	748 42	801 43	820 42	819 44	777 43	772 41	750 40	
41	Egypt					636 44	442 48	437 48	497 48	496 50	522 49	544 45	682 41	
42	Moldova	702 37	712 37	621 40	605 44	628 45	713 44	699 45	663 46	679 46	671 45	644 43	652 42	
43	Georgia											562 44	585 43	
44	Uruguay						274 55	481 47	549 47	525 49	537 48	529 46	504 44	
45	Chile					337 50	358 53	289 54	320 53	353 54	391 51	335 48	428 45	
46	Bahrain											50 55	362 46	
47	Bosnia	61 52	63 52	66 56	175 50	194 54					151 56	217 49	267 47	
48	Iraq					371 49	381 50	402 49	416 49	425 51			68 48	
49	South Africa	303 43	379 43	358 44	379 46	389 48	385 49	388 50	363 51	385 52	405 50			
50	Switzerland		3,451 12				3,288 20				4,481 10			
51	Uzbekistan									534 48				
52	Venezuela	95 49	105 49	121 51	146 52	163 58	187 57	182 56	200 56	228 56	291 53			
53	USA	4,911 5	4,708 6	3,718 12	3,782 13	3,758 13	3,912 14	4,072 13	3,867 16	4,011 15	4,019 19			
54	Sri lanka		137 47		93 55		99 63		106 63			111 54		
55	Senegal				260 49	275 53	370 52		361 52					
	World			1,207					1,282					
56	Qatar										597 47			
57	Albania						157 59							
58	Philippines	71 51		80 54		78 60		82 63		85 63		189 50		
59	Indonesia							90 62						
60	Angola									52 64				
61	Australia		4,039 10		4,232 10		4,335 11		4,531 10					
62	Bolivia							146 58	166 58					
63	Brazil	496 39	545 40	580 41	589 45	603 46	619 46	656 46	698 45					
64	Canada	3,901 11	4,082 9	4,238 9	4,313 9	4,588 10	4,712 10	4,451 10	4,649 9	4,786 10	4,634 9	4,519 12		
65	Colombia	140 46	156 46	126 49	143 53	161 59	176 58	183 55	193 57	177 58	148 57	152 52		
66	Costa rica	132 47	108 48	124 50			263 56	998 39	1,233 36	1,327 37	340 52	358 47		
67	Ecuador	50 53			71 56	65 61	103 62	118 60	141 60	180 57				
68	Iceland	6,617 2		7,262 2	7,976 1	7,230 2	7,443 2	7,970 1		7,035 2		5,993 6		
69	India			135 48					157 59					
70	Iran				713 41		748 42	712 44	738 43		691 44			
71	Paraguay	81 50	86 51	72 55			77 64			50 65	169 55			
72	Kazakhstan					405 47	375 51	347 52	369 50	384 53	610 46	734 42		
73	Kenya					57 62			231 55					
74	Kuwait	168 45	170 45	170 46	164 51	186 55	149 60	140 59	133 61	127 61	128 58			
75	Algeria			168 47										
76	Mexico	323 42	378 44	400 43	326 48	335 51	327 54	368 51	312 54	323 55				
77	Morocco				651 42	644 43	660 45		725 44	852 43	857 42			
78	New Zealand	3,935 10		3,141 17		3,445 16		3,719 17		3,701 19		4,009 18		
79	Nigeria					39 63								
80	Oman									151 59	170 54	127 53		
81	Pakistan			83 53		165 57		166 57		151 59		167 51		
82	Panama	97 48	96 50	104 52	105 54	166 56	132 61	111 61	117 62	119 62	38 60	39 56		
83	Zimbabwe										90 59			
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