Research & development expenditure (Percent)
2017
|
2018
|
2019
|
2020
|
2021
|
2022
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Portugal | 1.32 | 1.35 | 1.40 | 1.62 | 1.68 | 1.73 | |
2 | Canada | 1.69 | 1.68 | 1.59 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.55 | |
3 | Egypt | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.84 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 1.02 | |
4 | Serbia | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.99 | 0.97 | |
5 | Russia | 1.11 | 0.99 | 1.04 | 1.10 | 0.96 | 0.94 | |
6 | Belarus | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.48 | |
7 | Saudi Arabia | 0.52 | 0.45 | 0.46 | | |||
8 | Kenya | 0.41 | | |||||
9 | Ukraine | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.38 | 0.33 | |
10 | Oman | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.28 | |
11 | Mexico | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.27 | |
12 | Georgia | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.24 | |
13 | Moldova | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 | |
14 | Armenia | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | |
15 | Bosnia | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.19 | |
16 | Panama | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.18 | | |||
17 | Peru | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.16 | |
18 | Uzbekistan | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.16 | |
19 | Azerbaijan | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.15 | |
20 | Kazakhstan | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.12 | |
21 | Kuwait | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.08 | | |
22 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 | |
23 | Myanmar | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.04 | |
24 | Albania | | ||||||
25 | Algeria | 0.53 | | |||||
26 | Angola | | ||||||
27 | Argentina | 0.56 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.52 | | ||
28 | Australia | 1.88 | 1.83 | | ||||
29 | Austria | 3.06 | 3.09 | 3.13 | 3.20 | 3.26 | | |
30 | Bahrain | | ||||||
31 | Belgium | 2.67 | 2.86 | 3.16 | 3.48 | 3.43 | | |
32 | Bolivia | | ||||||
33 | Brazil | 1.12 | 1.17 | 1.21 | | |||
34 | Brunei | 0.28 | | |||||
35 | Bulgaria | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.77 | | |
36 | Chile | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.34 | | |||
37 | China | 2.12 | 2.14 | 2.24 | 2.40 | 2.43 | | |
38 | Colombia | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.29 | | ||
39 | Costa rica | 0.43 | 0.37 | 0.28 | | |||
40 | Croatia | 0.85 | 0.95 | 1.08 | 1.25 | 1.24 | | |
41 | Cuba | 0.43 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.32 | | |
42 | Cyprus | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.71 | 0.82 | 0.83 | | |
43 | Czech Republic | 1.77 | 1.90 | 1.93 | 1.99 | 2.00 | | |
44 | Denmark | 2.93 | 2.97 | 2.89 | 2.96 | 2.81 | | |
45 | Ecuador | | ||||||
46 | Estonia | 1.28 | 1.42 | 1.63 | 1.79 | 1.75 | | |
47 | Ethiopia | 0.27 | | |||||
48 | European Union | 2.15 | 2.19 | 2.22 | 2.32 | | ||
49 | Finland | 2.73 | 2.76 | 2.80 | 2.94 | 2.99 | | |
50 | France | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.19 | 2.35 | 2.22 | | |
51 | Germany | 3.05 | 3.11 | 3.17 | 3.14 | 3.14 | | |
52 | Greece | 1.15 | 1.21 | 1.28 | 1.50 | 1.46 | | |
53 | Honduras | 0.04 | | |||||
54 | Hungary | 1.32 | 1.51 | 1.48 | 1.61 | 1.64 | | |
55 | Iceland | 2.08 | 2.00 | 2.32 | 2.47 | 2.81 | | |
56 | India | 0.67 | 0.66 | | ||||
57 | Indonesia | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.28 | | ||
58 | Iran | 0.83 | 0.88 | | ||||
59 | Iraq | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | | |
60 | Ireland | 1.26 | 1.17 | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.13 | | |
61 | Italy | 1.37 | 1.42 | 1.46 | 1.53 | 1.45 | | |
62 | Ivory Coast | | ||||||
63 | Japan | 3.17 | 3.22 | 3.20 | 3.26 | 3.30 | | |
64 | Jordan | | ||||||
65 | Latvia | 0.51 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.71 | 0.74 | | |
66 | Lithuania | 0.90 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 1.16 | 1.11 | | |
67 | Luxembourg | 1.24 | 1.17 | 1.18 | 1.13 | 1.04 | | |
68 | Malaysia | 1.04 | | |||||
69 | Malta | 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.68 | 0.67 | | |
70 | Montenegro | 0.35 | 0.50 | 0.36 | | |||
71 | Morocco | | ||||||
72 | Nepal | | ||||||
73 | Netherlands | 2.18 | 2.14 | 2.18 | 2.29 | 2.31 | | |
74 | New Zealand | 1.35 | 1.41 | 1.45 | | |||
75 | Nigeria | | ||||||
76 | Norway | 2.10 | 2.05 | 2.15 | 2.28 | 1.94 | | |
77 | Pakistan | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.16 | | |||
78 | Paraguay | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | | ||
79 | Philippines | 0.32 | | |||||
80 | Poland | 1.03 | 1.21 | 1.32 | 1.39 | 1.44 | | |
81 | Qatar | 0.53 | 0.68 | | ||||
82 | Romania | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.47 | | |
83 | Senegal | | ||||||
84 | Singapore | 1.90 | 1.81 | 1.89 | | |||
85 | Slovakia | 0.89 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.91 | 0.92 | | |
86 | Slovenia | 1.87 | 1.95 | 2.05 | 2.15 | 2.13 | | |
87 | South Africa | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.62 | | |||
88 | South Korea | 4.29 | 4.52 | 4.63 | 4.81 | 4.93 | | |
89 | Spain | 1.21 | 1.24 | 1.25 | 1.41 | 1.43 | | |
90 | Sri lanka | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.00 | | |||
91 | Sudan | 0.00 | | |||||
92 | Sweden | 3.36 | 3.32 | 3.39 | 3.53 | 3.42 | | |
93 | Switzerland | 3.03 | 3.15 | 3.36 | | |||
94 | Syria | | ||||||
95 | Tajikistan | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | | ||
96 | Thailand | 1.00 | 1.11 | 1.14 | 1.21 | | ||
97 | Tunisia | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.75 | | |||
98 | Turkey | 0.95 | 1.03 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.40 | | |
99 | UAE | 1.28 | 1.31 | 1.45 | 1.50 | | ||
100 | Uganda | 0.00 | | |||||
101 | UK | 1.66 | 1.70 | 1.71 | 2.91 | | ||
102 | Uruguay | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.48 | 0.42 | | ||
103 | USA | 2.90 | 3.00 | 3.17 | 3.45 | 3.46 | | |
104 | Venezuela | | ||||||
105 | Vietnam | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.43 | | |||
World | 2.13 | 2.20 | 2.33 | 2.63 | 2.62 | | ||
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